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Updated: May 10, 2026

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data
Published on: April 18, 2019
Soccer heading is associated with white matter microstructural and cognitive abnormalities.
Michael L Lipton1, Namhee Kim, Molly E Zimmerman
1Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. michael.lipton@einstein.yu.edu
Soccer heading is linked to changes in white matter microstructure and reduced cognitive function, even without a concussion history. This study highlights potential risks associated with repetitive head impacts in athletes.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Sports Medicine
- Neurology
Background:
- Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a concern in contact sports.
- Subclinical evidence of TBI may precede overt symptoms.
- Soccer heading involves repetitive head impacts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between soccer heading frequency and subclinical brain injury.
- To investigate the relationship between heading and neurocognitive performance.
- To determine if concussion history influences these associations.
Main Methods:
- 37 amateur soccer players underwent diffusion-tensor MR imaging.
- Heading frequency and concussion history were quantified via questionnaire.
- Cognitive function was assessed using a computerized test battery.
- Voxelwise linear regression analyzed fractional anisotropy (FA) and heading frequency.
Main Results:
- Heading frequency correlated with reduced FA in temporo-occipital white matter.
- Lower FA was associated with poorer memory scores.
- These associations were independent of concussion history or demographics.
Conclusions:
- Soccer heading is associated with altered white matter microstructure.
- Heading is also linked to diminished neurocognitive performance.
- The observed effects are not attributable to prior concussion history.
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