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Nutritional status and metabolic disorders in HIV-exposed uninfected prepubertal children

Cristiane Chiantelli Claudio1, Rose Vega Patin, Cecília Zanin Palchetti

  • 1Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil.

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
|June 14, 2013
PubMed

Insights

HIV-exposed uninfected children show similar nutritional status but higher dyslipidemia and altered cholesterol levels compared to HIV-unexposed children. This highlights potential metabolic risks in HIV-exposed populations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) exposure in utero or during infancy can have long-term health implications for children, even if they do not contract the virus.
  • Understanding the nutritional status and metabolic health of HIV-exposed uninfected (HIVe) children is crucial for early intervention and management.
  • Previous research has indicated potential developmental and health differences in HIVe children, necessitating further investigation into their metabolic profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the nutritional status of HIV-exposed uninfected (HIVe) children with HIV-unexposed (HIVn) children.
  • To assess and compare metabolic alterations, including lipid profiles and markers of inflammation, between HIVe and HIVn children.
  • To identify any specific metabolic risks or dyslipidemia prevalence in HIVe children.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 76 children, divided into HIV-exposed uninfected (n=31) and HIV-unexposed (n=45) groups.
  • Evaluation of biochemical parameters: hematologic tests, lipid profiles, insulin resistance, hepatic function, and C-reactive protein.
  • Assessment of anthropometric parameters and body composition analyses.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in body mass index-for-age z-scores (P=0.297) or height-for-age z-scores (P=0.666) between the HIVe and HIVn groups.
  • HIVe children exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (38.7% vs. 11.1%; P=0.010).
  • Elevated total cholesterol (TC) values (19.4% vs. 2.2%; P=0.016), higher LDL-C mean levels (97.8 mg/dl vs. 86 mg/dl; P=0.028), and borderline LDL-C (40% vs. 14%; P=0.011) and TC (41.9% vs. 20%; P=0.038) were noted in HIVe children compared to HIVn children.

Conclusions:

  • Despite comparable nutritional status, HIV-exposed uninfected children demonstrate a greater prevalence of dyslipidemia.
  • HIVe children present with significantly altered total cholesterol and elevated LDL-C levels, including borderline values.
  • These findings underscore the importance of monitoring metabolic health, particularly lipid profiles, in HIV-exposed uninfected children.
Abstract

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