Disseminated sporotrichosis with orbital osteomyelitis in a child: a case report

Sporotrichosis is an infection caused by fungi of the Sporothrix complex that can affect both humans and animals. In most cases, it is a benign infection limited to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, rarely disseminating to other organs with systemic involvement. Diagnosis is based on clinical data, epidemiological data, and laboratory tests, with culture being considered the gold standard. The disease generally has a good prognosis and is usually resolved with appropriate antifungal treatment. This case report describes an atypical presentation of sporotrichosis with suppurative nodules and orbital bone involvement in an adolescent followed at the pediatric infectious diseases outpatient clinic of our institution. The patient was followed longitudinally for 12 months due to a lesion on the left upper back with lymphocutaneous involvement, which progressed to osteomyelitis of the left orbit. Deep lesion culture identified Sporothrix spp. The sporotrichosis was considered disseminated, and treatment with oral itraconazole for 12 months was initiated. Complete remission of both cutaneous and bone lesions occurred after five months of treatment. The patient was discharged from outpatient follow-up after one year.