Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Diffusion

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...

Diffusion

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...

Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions

Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions

Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to another reference frame. The concept of relative velocity can be used to describe motion in two dimensions. Consider a particle P and two reference frames S and S′. The position of the origin of S′ as measured in S is , the position of P as measured in S′ is , and the position of P as measured in S is , which can be evaluated by utilizing vector...

Relative Velocity in One Dimension

Relative Velocity in One Dimension

The understanding of the concept of reference frames is essential to discuss relative motion in one or more dimensions. When we say that an object has a certain velocity, we must state the velocity with respect to a given reference frame. In most examples, this reference frame has been Earth. For instance, if a statement reads that a person is sitting in a train moving at 10 m/s east, then it implies that the person on the train is moving relative to the surface of Earth at this velocity,...

Instinctive Drift

Instinctive Drift

Instinctive drift refers to the tendency of animals to revert to their innate behaviors despite repeated reinforcement. Breland and Breland demonstrated this concept in an experiment with a raccoon. The raccoon was trained to pick up two coins and place them in a container in exchange for food. Initially, the raccoon learned to associate the coins with food, making them a conditioned stimulus or a substitute for food. However, over time, the raccoon became less willing to put the coins into the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Anterior Segment OCT Thickness Difference Maps for Monitoring Corneal Thickness Changes: Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction as a Model.

Translational vision science & technology·2025

Same author

Neck Angle in the Handstand Changes the Pattern of Multi-Joint Variability.

Journal of motor behavior·2025

Same author

Wobble Board Instability Enhances Compensatory CoP Responses to CoM Movement Across Timescales.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Auditory cues in table tennis: Evaluating their effectiveness compared to visual information.

Psychology of sport and exercise·2025

Same author

Dimensions of the functional degrees of freedom of the first serve in tennis.

Journal of sports sciences·2025

Same author

Effects of Preconditioning Lower-Extremity Resistance Exercises on Multidirectional Repeated Sprinting-Induced Muscle Damage.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

Published on: May 10, 2012

Drift and diffusion in movement adaptation to space-time constraints.

Yeou-Teh Liu¹, Tsung-Yu Hsieh, Karl M Newell

¹Dept. of Athletic Performance, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.

|June 14, 2013

Summary

Movement adaptation involves different time scales. Shorter time constraints increased drift, while noise showed a U-shaped pattern, demonstrating that movement adaptation is task-dependent.

More Related Videos

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Published on: October 27, 2016

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Published on: February 25, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

Published on: May 10, 2012

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

Published on: October 27, 2016

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Trajectory Data Analyses for Pedestrian Space-time Activity Study

Published on: February 25, 2013

Area of Science:

Motor control
Human movement science
Cognitive neuroscience

Background:

Movement adaptation research indicates multiple timescales of change.
Understanding the factors influencing these timescales is crucial for motor learning theories.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the drift and diffusion dynamics in adaptation to discrete aiming movements.
To examine how varying space-time constraints affect movement adaptation.

Main Methods:

Participants performed aiming movements to a target on a graphics drawing board.
Five different space-time constraints were applied to the task outcome.
Drift and diffusion dynamics were analyzed across these conditions.

Main Results:

Drift strength increased with shorter time constraints.
Noise exhibited a U-shaped distribution across space-time conditions.
Adaptation dynamics varied based on spatial, temporal, or space-time performance measures.

Conclusions:

The time scale of movement adaptation is significantly influenced by task-specific constraints.
Findings support the hypothesis that movement adaptation operates on task-dependent timescales.