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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

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Published on: March 12, 2021

Shoulder joint loading and posture during medicine cart pushing task.

Xu Xu¹, Jia-Hua Lin, Jon Boyer

¹Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA. Xu.Xu@libertymutual.com

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

|June 18, 2013

Summary

Pushing medicine carts can cause significant shoulder strain, comparable to heavy industrial work. Factors like congestion and cart load stability greatly impact shoulder joint moments and angles, informing safer workplace designs.

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Area of Science:

Occupational Health
Biomechanics
Ergonomics

Background:

Nurses and medical assistants frequently push medicine carts, involving physical loads and awkward shoulder postures.
These activities are recognized risk factors for developing shoulder pain in healthcare settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of various factors on shoulder biomechanics during medicine cart pushing.
To quantify shoulder joint loading and analyze shoulder elevation angles in a controlled laboratory setting.

Main Methods:

A laboratory experiment simulated medicine cart pushing on straight tracks and around corners.
Measured shoulder joint moments and elevation angles under different conditions (lane congestion, load stability, friction).

Main Results:

Peak shoulder joint moments were substantial, comparable to heavy industrial manual labor.
Congestion, load stability, surface friction, and handedness significantly affected shoulder joint moment and elevation angle.

Conclusions:

Medicine cart operations impose significant shoulder loading on healthcare workers.
Findings can guide the design of safer work environments and optimize medicine cart usage to reduce shoulder strain.