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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
07:45

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

Reflux laryngitis: an update, 2009-2012.

Mary J Hawkshaw1, Parmis Pebdani, Robert T Sataloff

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, USA.

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|June 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) remains a significant condition with ongoing debates in its diagnosis and treatment. Recent research offers new insights into its causes and management, though efficacy questions persist.

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Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
06:46

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Published on: December 14, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
07:45

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
06:46

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Published on: December 14, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a widely recognized condition.
  • Significant controversies persist regarding its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • This review updates literature from 2009 to 2012, complementing earlier work.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) from late 2009 through mid-2012.
  • To highlight ongoing controversies and recent research in LPR.
  • To complement previous reviews on LPR literature.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles published between late 2009 and mid-2012.
  • Analysis of studies addressing LPR pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Inclusion of research on new diagnostic techniques and acid measurement.

Main Results:

  • Research has expanded diagnostic and treatment approaches for LPR.
  • New imaging techniques show promise in LPR assessment.
  • Understanding of acid measurement techniques has improved, but treatment efficacy remains debated.

Conclusions:

  • LPR is an important clinical entity.
  • Disagreements persist on optimal diagnostic methods, normalcy criteria, and treatment effectiveness.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand LPR pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term effects.