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Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

The Application of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography (POCUS) in the Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in the Intensive Care Unit
08:22

The Application of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography (POCUS) in the Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: December 12, 2025

[Clinical practice in ARDS -the present and the future--].

Satoru Hashimoto1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566.

Masui. the Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology
|June 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The Berlin definition provides a more reliable and feasible diagnosis for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) compared to the previous AECC criteria. This improved definition aids in ARDS recognition, treatment, and clinical trials.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung condition with pulmonary edema and hypoxemia.
  • Previous diagnostic criteria, like the 1994 American-European Consensus Conference (AECC), were used for nearly 20 years but faced criticism.
  • A lack of a definitive gold standard for ARDS diagnosis persisted for decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and describe the revised Berlin definition for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
  • To highlight the improvements in feasibility, predictive validity, and reliability over previous definitions.
  • To emphasize the potential impact of the Berlin definition on ARDS recognition, treatment, and research.

Main Methods:

  • Convened ARDS experts in 2011 to revise existing diagnostic criteria.

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Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS
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Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS

Published on: November 26, 2018

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

The Application of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography (POCUS) in the Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in the Intensive Care Unit
08:22

The Application of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography (POCUS) in the Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: December 12, 2025

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS
08:12

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Hemodynamics in a Large Animal Model of ARDS

Published on: November 26, 2018

  • Developed the Berlin definition, building upon but improving AECC criteria.
  • Focused on enhancing diagnostic precision and clinical applicability.

    • Main Results:

    • The Berlin definition offers improved feasibility and reliability for diagnosing ARDS.
    • It demonstrates enhanced predictive validity compared to the AECC criteria.
    • The definition is largely compatible with AECC criteria but refined for practical use.

    Conclusions:

    • The Berlin definition represents a significant advancement in diagnosing ARDS.
    • It is expected to facilitate better recognition, more suitable treatment strategies, and more effective clinical trials for ARDS.
    • This revised definition improves upon the limitations of the AECC criteria.