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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis

DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis

Published on: October 21, 2011

[Genome-scale sequence data processing and epigenetic analysis of DNA methylation].

Ting-Zhang Wang¹, Gao Shan, Jian-Hong Xu

¹College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. wtzhzhtw@gmail.com

Yi Chuan = Hereditas

|June 19, 2013

Summary

Bisulfite sequencing (BS-Seq) detects DNA methylation, revealing genome-wide patterns and epigenetic impacts on gene expression. This method aids epigenome studies and disease diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

Epigenetics
Genomics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Cytosine DNA methylation (mC) plays a crucial role in gene regulation and maintaining genome stability.
Understanding genome-scale DNA methylation patterns is essential for deciphering epigenetic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce Bisulfite sequencing (BS-Seq) for genome-scale DNA methylation profiling.
To review key aspects of DNA methylation analysis, including sequence context, distribution, and functional implications.

Main Methods:

BS-Seq combines bisulfite conversion of genomic DNA with next-generation sequencing.
Preprocessing involves transforming cytosine (C) to thymine (T) and guanine (G) to adenine (A) in reference sequences, and cytosine to thymine in reads.

Main Results:

BS-Seq provides insights into inter-species DNA methylation differences and conservation.
Analysis reveals nucleotide preferences in DNA methylation across various genomic regions (genes, exons, repetitive sequences).
The study outlines methods to analyze methylation context, distribution, and its impact on DNA-protein interactions and gene structures.

Conclusions:

DNA methylation analysis using BS-Seq is a powerful tool for epigenome research in diverse species.
Findings support understanding gene-environment interactions and provide a basis for disease diagnostics and therapeutics.