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Related Concept Videos

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
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Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Lipid Vesicle-mediated Affinity Chromatography using Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (LIMACS): a Novel Method to Analyze Protein-lipid Interaction
07:33

Lipid Vesicle-mediated Affinity Chromatography using Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (LIMACS): a Novel Method to Analyze Protein-lipid Interaction

Published on: April 26, 2011

Cardiolipin-mediated cellular signaling.

Vinay A Patil1, Miriam L Greenberg

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondrial phospholipid, regulates cellular functions and signaling pathways. CL deficiency impacts mitochondrial health, aging, and cellular integrity, offering insights into Barth syndrome.

Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biology
  • Cellular signaling
  • Molecular genetics

Background:

  • Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid predominantly found in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
  • CL plays crucial roles in mitochondrial structure, function, and energy production.
  • Recent research highlights CL's involvement in cellular signaling beyond the mitochondria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on cardiolipin's regulatory roles in cellular functions and signaling pathways.
  • To explore CL's involvement in mitochondrial processes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, apoptosis, and aging.
  • To discuss CL's impact on extra-mitochondrial pathways and its connection to Barth syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific studies.

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Fingerprinting Cardiolipin in Leukocytes by Mass Spectrometry for a Rapid Diagnosis of Barth Syndrome

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Published on: March 23, 2022

  • Analysis of experimental data on cardiolipin function and regulation.
  • Examination of signaling pathways affected by cardiolipin deficiency.

    • Main Results:

    • Cardiolipin (CL) regulates diverse cellular functions and signaling pathways both within and outside mitochondria.
    • Inside mitochondria, CL is a target of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and influences apoptosis and aging.
    • CL deficiency disrupts extra-mitochondrial pathways like PKC-Slt2 and HOG, affecting mitochondrial-vacuole cross-talk.

    Conclusions:

    • Cardiolipin is a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular signaling.
    • Understanding CL's multifaceted roles is crucial for elucidating the pathology of Barth syndrome.
    • Further research into CL-mediated signaling networks may reveal therapeutic targets for mitochondrial disorders.