History of chronic periodontitis is a high risk indicator for peri-implant disease

The success rates in implant dentistry vary significantly among patients presenting previous history of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate if patients with history of chronic periodontitis (CP) are more susceptible to peri-implant disease (PID) than those without history of CP. Two hundred and fifteen individuals, under periodontal maintenance, presenting 754 osseointegrated implants, were selected for this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the peri-implant status: Control group (patients without PID; n=129) and PID group (patients with PID; n=86). All peri-implant regions were clinically evaluated, including analyses of mucosa inflammation, edema and implant mobility. Periapical radiography assessed the presence of peri-implant bone loss. According to the clinical/radiographic characteristics, patients in Control and PID groups were diagnosed as having CP or not. Nominal variables were evaluated by the chi-square test. The distribution of numeric variables was analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test. Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze significant differences for parametric and non-parametric data. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. There was a highly significant correlation between CP history and PID (p<0.0001). Patients with CP had 4 times more chance of developing PID than patients with healthy periodontal tissues. Also, CP patients showed higher bleeding on probing (p=0.002) and bone loss around implant (p=0.004) when compared with patients without CP. In conclusion, history of CP is a high risk factor for the development of PID, irrespective of gender or region of implant placement.