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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients01:15

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Antithyroid drug treatment in pregnancy: a first report from the Danish PRETHYR multicenter study.

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Selenium supplementation in individuals with newly diagnosed Graves' hyperthyroidism: a double-blind, multi-centre RCT.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:50

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

Published on: May 16, 2025

Selenium supplementation for patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism (the GRASS trial): study protocol for a randomized

Torquil Watt1, Per Cramon, Jakob Bue Bjorner

  • 1Department of Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark. T.Watt@rh.dk

Trials
|June 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Selenium supplementation may improve treatment outcomes for Graves' hyperthyroidism by reducing anti-thyroid drug treatment failure and enhancing remission rates. This study investigates selenium's role alongside standard therapies for better thyroid health.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
04:50

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain

Published on: May 16, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Graves' hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune condition affecting thyroid function.
  • Selenium is crucial for thyroid enzymes (selenoproteins), with potential benefits in other thyroid disorders.
  • The efficacy of selenium in Graves' hyperthyroidism remains unestablished.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if selenium supplementation, in addition to anti-thyroid drugs, improves treatment success in Graves' hyperthyroidism.
  • To assess selenium's impact on reducing treatment failure, achieving faster and sustained remission, and improving quality of life.
  • To investigate selenium's effect on thyroid-specific quality of life, antibody levels, and symptom management.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, blinded, multicenter clinical trial involving 492 participants with active Graves' hyperthyroidism.
  • Participants received either 200 μg of selenium daily or a placebo for 24–30 months, alongside standard anti-thyroid drug treatment.
  • Primary outcome: proportion of participants failing anti-thyroid drug treatment one year after cessation; secondary outcomes include quality of life, antibody levels, and symptom scores.

Main Results:

  • The study aims to determine the proportion of participants experiencing anti-thyroid drug treatment failure.
  • Secondary analyses will focus on thyroid-specific quality of life, TSH-receptor antibody levels, and symptom severity.
  • Adverse reactions and serious adverse events will be meticulously monitored throughout the intervention period.

Conclusions:

  • The trial is designed pragmatically for direct clinical applicability, with patients continuing usual care.
  • An elaborate trial management system ensures high-quality data collection and minimizes missing data.
  • The extended intervention period (24–30 months) accounts for the time needed to confirm remission post-treatment cessation.