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Related Concept Videos

Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
Aliasing01:18

Aliasing

Accurate signal sampling and reconstruction are crucial in various signal-processing applications. A time-domain signal's spectrum can be revealed using its Fourier transform. When this signal is sampled at a specific frequency, it results in multiple scaled replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain. The spacing of these replicas is determined by the sampling frequency.
If the sampling frequency is below the Nyquist rate, these replicas overlap, preventing the original signal...
Scaling01:26

Scaling

In designing and analyzing filters, resonant circuits, or circuit analysis at large, working with standard element values like 1 ohm, 1 henry, or 1 farad can be convenient before scaling these values to more realistic figures. This approach is widely utilized by not employing realistic element values in numerous examples and problems; it simplifies mastering circuit analysis through convenient component values. The complexity of calculations is thereby reduced, with the understanding that...
Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities01:19

Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities

An oscillating discontinuity is a type of discontinuity in which a function’s values fluctuate infinitely often as the input approaches a particular point. Unlike jump discontinuities, where the function suddenly shifts between two values, or infinite discontinuities, where the function diverges without bound, an oscillating discontinuity arises from rapid back-and-forth variation. Because the function never stabilizes toward a single value, no finite limit exists at that point.One of the most...
Bandpass Sampling01:17

Bandpass Sampling

In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2. The spectrum...

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Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters
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Exploring the limits of frequency lowering.

Pamela E Souza1, Kathryn H Arehart, James M Kates

  • 1Correspondence to Pamela E. Souza: p-souza@northwestern.edu.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|June 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frequency lowering offers benefits for hearing loss but can decrease speech quality. Optimal use depends on compression settings and individual hearing loss severity, balancing audibility and distortion.

Keywords:
amplification or hearing aidsfrequency loweringhearinghearing lossintelligibilitynoisequality

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Speech Processing
  • Hearing Science

Background:

  • Hearing loss impacts speech perception.
  • Frequency lowering techniques aim to improve audibility for high-frequency sounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of frequency lowering on sentence intelligibility and quality.
  • To assess these effects in adults with postlingually acquired, mild-to-moderate hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • Adults aged 60-92 with sloping sensorineural hearing loss and normal hearing controls participated.
  • Sentences were presented in quiet and babble across various signal-to-noise ratios.
  • Frequency lowering, using frequency compression, was applied with varying parameters.

Main Results:

  • Moderate frequency compression with high cutoff frequencies minimally impacted intelligibility.
  • Listeners with severe high-frequency loss benefited most; increased compression reduced intelligibility.
  • Speech quality decreased with compression, especially in quiet for those with better high-frequency hearing.
  • Performance was worse in noise, with less sensitivity to parameter changes.

Conclusions:

  • Frequency lowering benefits are contingent on compression parameters and individual hearing thresholds.
  • The findings support a trade-off between improved audibility and increased distortion with frequency lowering.