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Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

Encoding

Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

Developmental changes in memory encoding: insights from event-related potentials.

Leslie Rollins1, Tracy Riggins

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, 1147 Biology/Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA. rollins@umd.edu

Developmental Science
|June 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explored how children and adults encode information using event-related potentials (ERPs). We found significant differences in subsequent memory effects between these age groups, highlighting changes in brain activity during memory encoding.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

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High Density Event-related Potential Data Acquisition in Cognitive Neuroscience
08:33

High Density Event-related Potential Data Acquisition in Cognitive Neuroscience

Published on: April 16, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Episodic memory (EM) effects are documented in children and adults.
  • Subsequent memory effects are established in adults but not previously studied in children using ERPs.
  • Understanding encoding processes is key to explaining memory development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate developmental changes in memory encoding processes.
  • Compare event-related potentials (ERPs) in 6-year-old children and adults.
  • Examine subsequent memory effects in children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized event-related potentials (ERPs) to measure brain activity.
  • Compared encoding processes in 6-year-old children and adults.
  • Analyzed subsequent memory effects during memory retrieval.

Main Results:

  • Subsequent memory effects showed significant temporal, directional, and topographical differences between children and adults.
  • Neural correlates of encoding differ across development.
  • ERP findings support age-related changes in memory encoding.

Conclusions:

  • Encoding processes and their neural underpinnings are crucial for memory development.
  • Developmental changes in ERPs reflect evolving memory strategies.
  • This study fills a gap in understanding children's memory encoding.