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Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis.

Beata Dzięgiel1, Łukasz Adaszek, Marcin Kalinowski

  • 1Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka St. 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland.

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging tick-borne disease in horses. Diagnosis involves identifying morulae in granulocytes and PCR, with tetracycline therapy being effective.

Keywords:
Anaplasma phagocytophilumHorsesTick-borne disease

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging tick-borne pathogen affecting horses.
  • Multiple strains may exist with varying host tropisms and pathogenicity.
  • The bacterium infects neutrophils and can co-occur with other tick-borne pathogens like Borrelia burgdorferi.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses.
  • To highlight diagnostic methods and treatment options for equine anaplasmosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on Anaplasma phagocytophilum in equine populations.
  • Description of diagnostic techniques including microscopy for morulae and PCR assays.
  • Summary of clinical signs and treatment responses.

Main Results:

  • Anaplasmosis presents as acute febrile illness with symptoms like lethargy, inappetence, lameness, and hemorrhages.
  • Diagnosis relies on detecting morulae in granulocytes and A. phagocytophilum DNA via PCR.
  • The disease is generally self-limiting and responsive to tetracycline therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a significant emerging pathogen in horses.
  • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate tetracycline treatment are crucial for managing equine anaplasmosis.
  • Further research into circulating strains and their impact is warranted.