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Lipid Catabolism01:25

Lipid Catabolism

Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...

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Saturated Fatty Acids Induce Ceramide-associated Macrophage Cell Death
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Published on: October 31, 2017

Ceramide metabolism in mouse tissue.

Susanne Schiffmann1, Kerstin Birod, Julia Männich

  • 1Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main 60590, Germany. Susanne.schiffmann@med.uni-frankfurt.de

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|June 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Ceramide synthases (CerS) exhibit tissue-specific protein expression, not always correlating with mRNA levels. Enzyme expression compensates for substrate availability, influencing ceramide composition.

Keywords:
(dihydro)ceramide synthaseAcyl-CoAAcyl-Coenzyme ACerCerSCeramideCeramide synthaseLC–MS/MSMouse tissuedhCerdihydroceramideliquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Ceramides, with varying N-acyl chains, function as crucial second messengers in cellular signaling pathways.
  • These signaling pathways regulate fundamental cell processes including apoptosis, differentiation, and inflammation.
  • Ceramide synthases (CerS) are pivotal enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of ceramides and dihydroceramides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the tissue-specific expression patterns of CerS isoenzymes (CerS1-6) and their relationship with substrate availability.
  • To analyze the correlation between CerS mRNA and protein expression levels across different mouse tissues.
  • To elucidate the impact of CerS expression and activity on the overall ceramide composition within cells.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of mRNA and protein expression levels for CerS isoenzymes in various mouse tissues.
  • Measurement of specific CerS enzyme activity.
  • Quantification of acyl-CoA, dihydroceramide, and ceramide levels using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Main Results:

  • Distinct CerS composition was observed in each analyzed tissue, with no direct correlation between mRNA and protein expression levels.
  • A significant negative correlation was found between CerS6 protein levels and C16:0-acyl-CoA, and between CerS2 protein levels and C24:0-acyl-CoA.
  • These findings suggest that lower substrate availability is compensated by increased CerS protein expression, and vice versa.

Conclusions:

  • CerS protein expression is tissue-specific and inversely correlates with the availability of specific acyl-CoA substrates.
  • Ceramide composition is influenced by CerS expression/activity, with acyl-CoA availability playing a potentially compensatory role.
  • The interplay between CerS expression, activity, and substrate levels fine-tunes ceramide profiles in different cellular contexts.