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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Updated: May 10, 2026

Photoacoustic Cystography
09:49

Photoacoustic Cystography

Published on: June 11, 2013

Photoacoustic cystography.

Mansik Jeon1, Jeehyun Kim, Chulhong Kim

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|June 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photoacoustic cystography (PAC) offers a non-ionizing, noninvasive alternative to X-ray imaging for pediatric bladders. This new method uses optical absorbents to visualize the bladder safely and effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical optics
  • Medical imaging
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Conventional pediatric cystography uses X-rays and radio-opaque dyes, posing risks of ionizing radiation and potential bladder cancer in children.
  • Developing safer, non-ionizing imaging techniques for pediatric diagnostics is a critical unmet need.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of nonionizing and noninvasive photoacoustic cystography (PAC) for imaging urinary bladders.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of optical-turbid tracers for PAC in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dark-field confocal photoacoustic (PA) imaging system.
  • Administered near-infrared (NIR) optical absorbents (methylene blue, gold nanostructures, carbon nanotubes) via transurethral injection in a rat model.
  • Employed spectroscopic PA imaging for contrast agent accumulation validation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully visualized rat bladders filled with optical absorbing agents using PAC.
  • Achieved significant PA signal enhancement, confirming contrast agent presence.
  • Demonstrated effective bladder mapping beyond 1 cm depth in vivo with low laser energy (<1 mJ/cm(2)), well below safety limits.
  • Confirmed natural excretion of contrast agents via urination, indicating no long-term accumulation concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Photoacoustic cystography (PAC) is a feasible, nonionizing, and noninvasive imaging modality for urinary bladders.
  • The use of NIR optical absorbents as tracers is safe and effective for PAC.
  • PAC holds significant potential for clinical translation in pediatric diagnostics due to its safety profile and imaging capabilities.