[Non-invasive diagnosis bladder cancer: new molecular markers and future perspectives]

Bladder cancer represents a very important entity in the field of urologic oncology. At the time of diagnosis 70% of them are non muscle-invasive tumors with a very variable risk of recurrence and progression. These patients will require a periodic follow up, at least for 5 years, performing multiple cystoscopies and urine cytologies throughout their lifes. These diagnostic tests are either invasive or have a low sensitivity, a fact that has stimulated the search of non-invasive markers with high sensitivity for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. The great advantage in this neoplasia is the availability of a biologic sample such as urine, which being in close contact with the urothelium collects exfoliated cells, representing a valuable non invasive tool for the diagnosis and follow up of this neoplasias. In this article we try to perform a review of those markers for bladder cancer already marketed and under development, as well as future diagnostic perspectives.