Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vascular Spasm

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last for...

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can exist in...

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Donor- and unit-specific factors influencing hemolysis in stored canine and feline packed red blood cells.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2026

Same author

Roadmapping stroke healthcare in Colombia: a comprehensive telestroke network evaluation.

BMC medical informatics and decision making·2026

Same author

PARP2 deficiency impairs pancreatic cancer progression by promoting genomic instability and antitumor immunity.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Increasing Kidney Transplant Volume With Higher Kidney Donor Risk Index Kidneys: A Call for Action in the United States.

Transplantation·2026

Same author

Outcomes of Kidney Transplants From Donors With Stage 3 Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Dialysis: A National Cohort Study.

Clinical transplantation·2026

Same author

Exploring metabolomic clues in diabetic retinopathy: a pilot study.

Acta diabetologica·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

IgG4-associated vasculitis.

Rodolfo Perez Alamino¹, Carlos Martínez, Luis R Espinoza

¹Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2822, USA.

Current Rheumatology Reports

|June 25, 2013

Summary

Elevated immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels are seen in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and some vasculitis syndromes. Clinicians must differentiate these conditions due to overlapping symptoms to prevent misdiagnosis.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Rheumatology
Systemic Diseases

Background:

Elevated immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) is a hallmark of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).
Increased IgG4 levels are also observed in chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatic diseases.
Recent reports link heightened IgG4 immune responses to vasculitis syndromes, including Churg-Strauss syndrome and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the potential for misdiagnosis between IgG4-RD and ANCA-associated vasculitis.
To underscore the need for clinical awareness regarding overlapping manifestations.
To emphasize the current lack of understanding regarding the significance of increased IgG4 in vasculitis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent reports on IgG4 levels in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

More Related Videos

Mouse Models for Graft Arteriosclerosis

Mouse Models for Graft Arteriosclerosis

Published on: May 14, 2013

Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis

Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis

Published on: September 26, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Mouse Models for Graft Arteriosclerosis

Mouse Models for Graft Arteriosclerosis

Published on: May 14, 2013

Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis

Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis

Published on: September 26, 2012

Comparative analysis of clinical manifestations of IgG4-RD and ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Synthesis of current understanding and identification of knowledge gaps.

Main Results:

Elevated IgG4 is characteristic of IgG4-RD.
Increased IgG4 levels can be associated with various chronic inflammatory and rheumatic conditions.
An increased IgG4 immune response has been reported in specific vasculitis syndromes, notably those associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA).

Conclusions:

Clinical overlap exists between IgG4-RD and ANCA-associated vasculitis, posing a risk of misdiagnosis.
The precise significance of elevated IgG4 in vasculitis syndromes remains unclear.
Further research is essential to elucidate the role of IgG4 in ANCA-associated vasculitis.