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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Th17 cells induce Th1-polarizing monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Matthew G Davidson1, Michael N Alonso, Robert Yuan

  • 1Department of Pathology, Blood Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|June 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

T helper cells in inflamed tissues drive monocytes to become dendritic cells (DCTh). Activated Th17 cells uniquely create IL-12/IL-23-producing DCTh (DCTh17), crucial for autoimmune responses.

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Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Activated T helper (Th) cells and monocytes colocalize in chronically inflamed tissues, common in autoimmune diseases.
  • The interaction between Th cell subsets and monocytes in modulating immune responses is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different murine Th cell subsets influence monocyte differentiation and function.
  • To characterize the phenotype and functional capabilities of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCTh) induced by Th cells.

Main Methods:

  • Co-culture of murine Th cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17) with autologous monocytes.
  • Flow cytometry analysis to identify DCTh markers (MHC class II, CD11b, CD11c).
  • Assessment of DCTh cytokine production (IL-12, IL-23) and their capacity to polarize naive T cells.

Main Results:

  • All tested Th subsets induced monocyte differentiation into DCTh.
  • Activated Th17 cells uniquely generated IL-12/IL-23-producing DCTh (DCTh17).
  • DCTh17 were capable of polarizing both naive and Th17 cells towards a Th1 phenotype.
  • In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) lesions, Th cells induced DCTh phenotypically similar to DCTh17, which polarized naive T cells to Th1.

Conclusions:

  • Th cells critically influence monocyte differentiation into DCTh, with Th17 cells playing a unique role.
  • DCTh17 are key mediators in the interplay between Th17 and Th1 responses.
  • These findings may explain the Th17 to Th1 cell plasticity observed in autoimmune disorders like EAE.