Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

Errors in Global Positioning System

Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
Aliasing01:18

Aliasing

Accurate signal sampling and reconstruction are crucial in various signal-processing applications. A time-domain signal's spectrum can be revealed using its Fourier transform. When this signal is sampled at a specific frequency, it results in multiple scaled replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain. The spacing of these replicas is determined by the sampling frequency.
If the sampling frequency is below the Nyquist rate, these replicas overlap, preventing the original signal...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Magnetotransport signatures of Weyl physics and discrete scale invariance in the elemental semiconductor tellurium.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2020
Same author

Gut microbiota promotes host resistance to low-temperature stress by stimulating its arginine and proline metabolism pathway in adult Bactrocera dorsalis.

PLoS pathogens·2020
Same author

CK19 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Development by Impacting on Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

OncoTargets and therapy·2020
Same author

Effects of Immersion Freezing on Ice Crystal Formation and the Protein Properties of Snakehead (<i>Channa argus</i>).

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

Selective tracking of ovarian-cancer-specific γ-glutamyltranspeptidase using a ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2020
Same author

Mechanical Thrombectomy Using a Stent Retriever with an Intermediate Catheter for Partially Occluded Middle Cerebral Artery Fenestration.

World neurosurgery·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
10:22

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

Phase errors in FSE signals due to low frequency electromagnetic interference.

Kishore V Mogatadakala1, Zhenyu Zhang

  • 1General Electric Company, Florence, SC 29501, USA.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|June 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Low frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI) causes significant phase errors in fast spin echo (FSE) signals. Increasing pulse sequence bandwidth effectively reduces these errors, improving signal quality.

More Related Videos

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
05:11

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition

Published on: June 27, 2025

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
10:22

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition
05:11

High-precision Electromagnetic Flowmeter with Empty Pipe Detection via Complex Programmable Logic Device-based Waveform Recognition

Published on: June 27, 2025

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
16:11

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Electromagnetism
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Fast spin echo (FSE) is a widely used Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) pulse sequence.
  • Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can degrade MRI signal quality by inducing phase errors.
  • Low-frequency EMI is a common challenge in MRI environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess the impact of low-frequency EMI on FSE signal phase errors.
  • To investigate the relationship between EMI frequency and induced phase errors.
  • To determine the efficacy of pulse sequence bandwidth in mitigating these errors.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical solution of the Bloch equations in the time domain for FSE sequences.
  • Simulation of EMI frequencies ranging from 1 to 1000 Hz.
  • Calculation of phase errors for a single spin model at various echo times and bandwidths.

Main Results:

  • Phase errors were significantly higher at EMI frequencies below 200 Hz compared to higher frequencies.
  • Increased receiving bandwidth effectively reduced phase errors at low EMI frequencies.
  • The magnitude of phase errors correlated with EMI frequency and echo time.

Conclusions:

  • Pulse sequence bandwidth is a critical parameter for controlling phase errors induced by low-frequency EMI in FSE signals.
  • Optimizing bandwidth can enhance the robustness of FSE imaging against EMI.
  • This finding has implications for improving MRI data integrity in noisy environments.