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Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Chondrogenic Pellet Formation from Cord Blood-derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: June 19, 2017

Age-dependent decrease in the chondrogenic potential of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells expanded with

Masami Kanawa¹, Akira Igarashi, Veronica Sainik Ronald

¹Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

|June 27, 2013

Summary

Donor age selectively impairs chondrogenic potential in mesenchymal stromal cells, impacting cartilage regeneration therapies. Systemic vascular diseases did not affect this multipotency. Future research should focus on age-related changes in stem cells.

Keywords:

aging bone marrow chondrocytes differentiation mesenchymal stromal cells

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Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Regenerative medicine
Aging research

Background:

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) hold promise for regenerative medicine.
The impact of donor age on hMSC multipotency is not fully understood.
Investigating age-related changes is crucial for optimizing cell-based therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate age-related alterations in the chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic potential of hMSCs.
To determine if systemic vascular diseases influence hMSC multipotency.
To identify specific differentiation pathways affected by donor age.

Main Methods:

hMSCs from 17 donors (25-81 years) were cultured with fibroblast growth factor-2.
Cells were induced to differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes.
Chondrogenesis assessed via glycosaminoglycan and SOX9, COL2A1, AGG mRNA levels.
Osteogenesis assessed via alkaline phosphatase and calcium content.
Adipogenesis assessed via glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and Oil Red O staining.

Main Results:

Systemic vascular diseases did not significantly alter trilineage differentiation potential.
A significant age-related decline was observed in chondrocyte markers, including SOX9 mRNA levels.
No age-dependent changes were detected in osteoblast or adipocyte differentiation markers.

Conclusions:

Donor aging selectively reduces the chondrogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells.
This finding is significant for developing stromal cell-based therapies for cartilage disorders.
Understanding age-related stem cell changes is vital for effective regenerative medicine strategies.