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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms (ECoGs) and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture
09:06

Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms (ECoGs) and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture

Published on: December 22, 2016

Headache and epilepsy.

P R Bauer1, J A Carpay, G M Terwindt

  • 1SEIN Epilepsy Institute in the Netherlands Foundation, Heemstede, The Netherlands, P.O. Box 540, 2130 AM, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands.

Current Pain and Headache Reports
|June 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Headache and epilepsy frequently co-occur, with evidence suggesting a bidirectional link, particularly between migraine and epilepsy. Shared mechanisms like cortical hyperexcitability and spreading depolarization may underlie both conditions.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms (ECoGs) and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epileptology
  • Headache Medicine

Background:

  • Headache and epilepsy frequently co-occur, with a notable bidirectional association between migraine and epilepsy.
  • The relationship between general headache and epilepsy is less understood.
  • Peri-ictal headaches, often mimicking migraine, can be severe and require accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the shared pathophysiological mechanisms between headache disorders and epilepsy.
  • To investigate the potential role of cortical hyperexcitability and spreading depolarization in co-occurring headache and epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent epidemiological and pathophysiological studies.
  • Analysis of findings linking spreading depolarization to both migraine with aura and epilepsy.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiological data support a bidirectional association between migraine and epilepsy.
  • Cortical hyperexcitability is implicated as a potential common underlying mechanism.
  • Spreading depolarization, a mechanism in migraine with aura, has been linked to epilepsy.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical hyperexcitability may be a key pathophysiological link between epilepsy and migraine.
  • Further research into shared mechanisms like spreading depolarization could improve diagnosis and treatment for patients with both conditions.