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Exercise and type 2 diabetes mellitus: changes in tissue-specific fat distribution and cardiac function.
Jacqueline T Jonker1, Pieter de Mol, Suzanna T de Vries
1Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radiology, and Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, C3-R, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Tjongerschans Hospital, Heerenveen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Radiology
|June 27, 2013
Summary
Exercise intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus reduced visceral abdominal fat and hepatic triglyceride content. However, cardiac function remained unaffected by the 6-month program.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Diseases
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased cardiovascular risk due to ectopic fat accumulation.
- Understanding the impact of exercise on organ-specific fat is crucial for managing diabetes complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To prospectively evaluate the effects of a 6-month exercise intervention on fat accumulation in specific organs and cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Main Methods:
- 12 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus underwent a 6-month moderate-intensity exercise program followed by a high-altitude trekking expedition.
- Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopy were used to measure abdominal, epicardial, paracardial fat, and hepatic, myocardial, and intramyocellular triglyceride content.
Main Results:
- Exercise significantly reduced visceral abdominal fat volume (P < .01) and hepatic triglyceride content (P < .01).
- Paracardial fat volume also decreased (P = .02), while subcutaneous abdominal fat, epicardial fat, and myocardial/intramyocellular lipid content remained unchanged.
- Cardiac function showed no significant changes (P = .5).
Conclusions:
- A 6-month exercise intervention effectively reduced ectopic fat in type 2 diabetes mellitus, specifically visceral abdominal and hepatic fat, which are linked to cardiovascular risk.
- Despite reductions in specific fat depots, cardiac function was not significantly improved by this exercise regimen.
- The study demonstrates tissue-specific effects of exercise on body fat distribution in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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