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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

Down-regulated CK8 expression in human intervertebral disc degeneration.

Zhen Sun1, Hai-Qiang Wang, Zhi-Heng Liu

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, P R China.

International Journal of Medical Sciences
|June 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) positive cells are significantly reduced in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). This study reveals down-regulated CK8 expression in IDD, suggesting CK8 positive cells as potential targets for nucleus pulposus repair.

Keywords:
Immunofluorescencecell clusterscytokeratin 8intervertebral disc degenerationnucleus pulposusqRT-PCR.

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Published on: February 14, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) is an intermediate filament protein with diverse cellular functions.
  • CK8 is a recognized marker for notochord cells, vital for human nucleus pulposus (NP) health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution of CK8 positive cells in human NP.
  • To determine the relationship between CK8 expression and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD).

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry to assess CK8 positive cell distribution.
  • Western blotting and qRT-PCR to quantify CK8 expression at protein and mRNA levels.

Main Results:

  • A significantly lower percentage of CK8 positive cells was observed in IDD tissues compared to normal and scoliosis NP tissues (25.7% vs. 51.9% and 47.8%, respectively).
  • CK8 expression was down-regulated in IDD at both protein and mRNA levels.
  • Approximately 37.4% of cell clusters in IDD were CK8 positive.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of down-regulated CK8 expression and altered CK8 positive cell clusters in IDD.
  • CK8 positive cells represent a potential therapeutic target for nucleus pulposus repair strategies in intervertebral disc degeneration.