Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MRecover: A Conditional Generative Model for Recovering Motion- Corrupted MR images Using AI Generated Contrast.

Research square·2026
Same author

Impact of teleconsultation on headache management in tertiary care centers: A questionnaire-based study evaluating patient benefits, concerns, and the reduction of environmental impact from patient travel.

Headache·2026
Same author

Immune (dys)function in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026
Same author

From Patients to Caregivers: Indirect Associations between Social Cognition, Patient Distress, and Caregiver Quality of Life in Schizophrenia.

Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)·2026
Same author

gPPIpred: A User-Friendly PPI Predictor Based on Protein Molecular Graphs.

microPublication biology·2026
Same author

Electrophysiological assessment of motor unit loss in adult spinal muscular atrophy types III and IV: a multicenter national study comparing MUNIX, CMAP, and MUSIX.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Multimodal data fusion of dual-modal DWI-ADC MRI and clinical variables for prognostic prediction in acute ischemic stroke.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same journal

Acute injury characteristics predict chronic neuropathic pain development after spinal cord injury.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same journal

Summary of the best evidence for non-pharmacological management of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease patients.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same journal

Quantifying cerebral autoregulation following endovascular thrombectomy using wavelet transformation.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same journal

Surgical strategies for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
Same journal

Procedure-related vasospasm and reperfusion vulnerability during mechanical thrombectomy.

Frontiers in neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Electrophoretic Analysis of Replication Through Structure-Prone DNA Repeats Within the SV40-Based Human Episome
05:22

Electrophoretic Analysis of Replication Through Structure-Prone DNA Repeats Within the SV40-Based Human Episome

Published on: September 13, 2024

Trinucleotide repeats: a structural perspective.

Bruno Almeida1, Sara Fernandes, Isabel A Abreu

  • 1Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.

Frontiers in Neurology
|June 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trinucleotide repeat expansions in genes cause neurological disorders by altering gene function. This review details how these expansions, especially polyQ, lead to protein aggregation, neuronal toxicity, and cell death.

Keywords:
amino acid-repeatsamyloidmicrosatellitesprotein aggregationprotein complexesprotein structure

More Related Videos

Measuring RAN Peptide Toxicity in C. elegans
10:49

Measuring RAN Peptide Toxicity in C. elegans

Published on: April 30, 2020

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Electrophoretic Analysis of Replication Through Structure-Prone DNA Repeats Within the SV40-Based Human Episome
05:22

Electrophoretic Analysis of Replication Through Structure-Prone DNA Repeats Within the SV40-Based Human Episome

Published on: September 13, 2024

Measuring RAN Peptide Toxicity in C. elegans
10:49

Measuring RAN Peptide Toxicity in C. elegans

Published on: April 30, 2020

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansions are implicated in numerous neurological disorders.
  • These expansions affect gene expression and the function of encoded RNA and proteins.
  • Understanding TNR structure and function is key to neurodegeneration research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a structural and functional overview of TNR and homopeptide expansions.
  • To emphasize the role of polyQ expansions in protein self-assembly and aggregation.
  • To explore the impact of these expansions on neuronal toxicity and cell death.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on trinucleotide repeat expansions.
  • Focus on structural and functional aspects of TNR sequences in RNA and proteins.
  • Detailed analysis of polyQ expansions, particularly in ataxin-3.

Main Results:

  • PolyQ expansions induce self-assembly and aggregation of carrier proteins.
  • These alterations lead to functional changes, neuronal toxicity, and cell death.
  • Flanking regions of polyQ expansions modulate ataxin-3 interactions and aggregation.

Conclusions:

  • TNR expansions, especially polyQ, are critical drivers of neurodegeneration.
  • Protein aggregation and functional alterations are key pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Ataxin-3 serves as a model to understand the impact of polyQ expansions in disease.