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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells
06:55

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells

Published on: February 22, 2020

Non-classical MHC Class I molecules regulating natural killer cell function.

Mark J Smyth1, Lucy C Sullivan, Andrew G Brooks

  • 1Cancer Immunology Program; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne; Parkville, VIC Australia.

Oncoimmunology
|June 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural killer (NK) cells use receptor-ligand pairs to control immune responses. The NK cell molecule Ly49A binds H2-M3, regulating innate immunity against tumors.

Keywords:
educationinhibitorymetastasistumor immunosurveillance

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Measurement of Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Migration in the Context of Hepatic Tumor Cells
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Two Flow Cytometric Approaches of NKG2D Ligand Surface Detection to Distinguish Stem Cells from Bulk Subpopulations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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Two Flow Cytometric Approaches of NKG2D Ligand Surface Detection to Distinguish Stem Cells from Bulk Subpopulations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Published on: February 21, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial for innate immunity.
  • NK cell function is regulated by diverse receptor-ligand interactions.
  • Key inhibitory receptors include human killer inhibitory receptors (KIR) and mouse Ly49 family members.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between the NK cell inhibitory molecule Ly49A and MHC class I molecules.
  • To determine the role of Ly49A-H2-M3 binding in regulating innate immune responses.
  • To understand the implications for tumor initiation and metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized biochemical assays to study Ly49A binding to H2-M3.
  • Employed genetic models to assess the in vivo function of Ly49A-H2-M3 interaction.
  • Analyzed the impact on tumor development and spread.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that Ly49A directly binds to the non-classical MHC class I molecule H2-M3.
  • Showed that this interaction significantly influences host innate immune responses.
  • Established a link between Ly49A-H2-M3 engagement and the regulation of tumor initiation and metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • The NK cell inhibitory receptor Ly49A interacts with the non-classical MHC molecule H2-M3.
  • This interaction plays a regulatory role in innate immunity against tumors.
  • Understanding this pathway offers insights into controlling cancer progression.