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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
05:21

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

Influenza.

Angelena M Labella1, Susan E Merel

  • 1Section of Hospital Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian, Columbia University Medical Center, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA. aml2250@columbia.edu

The Medical Clinics of North America
|July 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Influenza viruses constantly change, leading to potential pandemics. This review covers U.S. influenza strains, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies for healthcare providers.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Influenza is a significant global health concern due to its high transmissibility and potential for rapid genetic mutation.
  • The continuous evolution of influenza viruses necessitates ongoing surveillance and updated management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of influenza virus strains prevalent in the United States over the last century.
  • To detail current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for influenza infections.
  • To outline effective disease prevention methods for both clinical and community settings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and current influenza data in the United States.
  • Synthesis of information on influenza virus genetics, clinical presentation, and epidemiology.

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Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes
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Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

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  • Compilation of established and emerging treatment and prevention guidelines.

    • Main Results:

    • Documentation of major influenza strains that have circulated in the U.S. over the past 100 years.
    • Summary of diagnostic methods, including viral detection and serological assays.
    • Overview of antiviral treatments and non-pharmaceutical interventions for influenza prevention.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding influenza strain dynamics is crucial for effective public health responses.
    • Accurate diagnosis and timely treatment improve patient outcomes.
    • Comprehensive prevention strategies, including vaccination and hygiene, are essential to mitigate influenza's impact.