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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Intraoperative Strategy under Complex Vascular Adhesion for Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Bismuth-Corlette Type IIIb Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
05:22

Intraoperative Strategy under Complex Vascular Adhesion for Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Bismuth-Corlette Type IIIb Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Published on: February 13, 2026

Primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Gideon M Hirschfield1, Tom H Karlsen, Keith D Lindor

  • 1Centre for Liver Research, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|July 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current treatments are supportive, but research into pathobiology may offer new therapies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Intraoperative Strategy under Complex Vascular Adhesion for Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Bismuth-Corlette Type IIIb Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
05:22

Intraoperative Strategy under Complex Vascular Adhesion for Laparoscopic Radical Resection of Bismuth-Corlette Type IIIb Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Published on: February 13, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a significant liver complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • PSC is characterized by chronic, progressive cholestasis, often leading to biliary cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease.
  • Hepatobiliary and colorectal cancer risks are elevated in patients with coexistent IBD and PSC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, progression, and management of PSC.
  • To explore mechanistic insights from secondary sclerosing cholangitis and genomic studies.
  • To highlight the need for understanding environmental factors in PSC pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Analysis of clinical profiles and genomic studies.
  • Exploration of immunological mechanisms in biliary tree damage.

Main Results:

  • PSC is a chronic, progressive liver disease associated with IBD, with no effective medical treatments to slow progression.
  • Liver transplantation is often required, but disease recurrence is a risk.
  • Increased cancer incidence (hepatobiliary and colorectal) is a major concern.

Conclusions:

  • Current treatment for PSC is supportive, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Understanding the role of environmental factors and immune responses is crucial for future treatment development.
  • Advances in pathobiology suggest potential for new, stratified treatment approaches for PSC.