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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model
07:32

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model

Published on: May 6, 2020

[Osteoarthritis and bone structural changes].

Ko Chiba1, Makoto Osaki, Masako Ito

  • 1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Clinical Calcium
|July 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Osteoarthritis (OA) stems from bone abnormalities like hip dysplasia and knee deformities. Advanced imaging and statistical models are improving the assessment of these complex bone changes for new drug targets.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Rheumatology
  • Medical Imaging Analysis
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Context:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis is linked to bone morphological abnormalities, including acetabular dysplasia, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), and knee varus deformity.
  • These conditions present complex 3D characteristics, challenging accurate imaging assessment.
  • Subchondral bone microstructural changes, such as sclerosis, cysts, and osteophytes, are increasingly recognized as critical factors in OA development.

Purpose:

  • To explore the application of statistical shape models (SSM) in analyzing bone morphology variations in OA.
  • To highlight the role of subchondral bone pathology in OA onset and progression.
  • To discuss the development of quantitative imaging methods for subchondral trabecular bone analysis in OA patients.

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Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness
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Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

Published on: March 18, 2022

Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of the Knee in Aged Dunkin-Hartley Guinea Pigs after Intra Articular Injection
07:10

Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of the Knee in Aged Dunkin-Hartley Guinea Pigs after Intra Articular Injection

Published on: August 2, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model
07:32

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model

Published on: May 6, 2020

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness
08:52

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

Published on: March 18, 2022

Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of the Knee in Aged Dunkin-Hartley Guinea Pigs after Intra Articular Injection
07:10

Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of the Knee in Aged Dunkin-Hartley Guinea Pigs after Intra Articular Injection

Published on: August 2, 2024

Summary:

  • Bone morphological abnormalities are primary drivers of osteoarthritis (OA).
  • Statistical shape models (SSM) offer advanced analysis of bone morphology variations in OA.
  • Subchondral bone pathologies significantly influence OA development and are potential therapeutic targets.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of OA's complex 3D bone morphology.
  • Potential for enhanced diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment strategies for OA.
  • Development of novel therapeutic targets for OA based on subchondral bone changes.