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Nutritional policy changes in the supplemental nutrition assistance program: a microsimulation and cost-effectiveness
Sanjay Basu1,2,3,4, Hilary Seligman5, Jay Bhattacharya2,6
1Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA (SB).
Summary
Restricting sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) purchases with Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits could reduce chronic disease deaths. Subsidizing produce may offer fewer benefits but at a higher cost.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Economics
- Nutrition Policy
Background:
- Experts propose interventions for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to address dietary quality.
- These interventions include limiting calorie-dense food purchases or subsidizing healthier options.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the health effects and cost-effectiveness of policy interventions on SNAP benefits.
- Interventions considered: banning or taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and subsidizing fruits and vegetables.
Main Methods:
- Microsimulation modeling was employed.
- Data sources included the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, USDA food price data, and SNAP program data.
- The study focused on US adults aged 25-64, with a 10-year time horizon and governmental perspective.
Main Results:
- Banning SSB purchases via SNAP could avert 510,000 diabetes person-years and 52,000 deaths from MI and stroke over 10 years, yielding $2900 per QALY saved.
- A penny-per-ounce SSB tax on SNAP purchases offers greater cost savings via tax revenue but fewer averted chronic disease deaths.
- A 30% produce subsidy could avert 39,000 diabetes person-years and 4600 cardiovascular deaths over 10 years without impacting food security.
Conclusions:
- SNAP restrictions on SSBs show potential for lowering chronic disease mortality.
- Further research is needed to examine indirect effects on disposable income and food security.
- Produce subsidies may offer fewer benefits or risks but incur higher costs.
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