Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 10, 2026

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
Published on: October 28, 2020
Integrating the knowledge: strength and limitations of echo techniques to diagnose and stage heart failure with
1Clinical Cardiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
Abstract:
Assessment of diastolic function is nowadays done noninvasively; such an approach provides unambiguous information in a large, albeit not complete, proportion of patients suffering from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In this review, echocardiography is used in order to diagnose and stage diastolic dysfunction, including abnormal hemodynamic features that can be elicited under stress, three-dimensional echocardiography implementation and most recent 'diastolic indexes'. It must be admitted, however, that there is still uncertainty in diagnosing borderline cases, where a return to invasive data can contribute to a definitive characterization of the HFpEF patients.
Related Concept Videos
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography
Types of Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
TTE is the most common type of echocardiogram which involves placing a transducer on the patient's chest, emitting sound waves to create heart images. TTE is invaluable for evaluating the heart's size, structure, and motion, making it particularly useful for diagnosing...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
