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Updated: May 10, 2026

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
Published on: November 22, 2019
Mode-locked VECSEL emitting 5 ps pulses at 675 nm
Sanna Ranta1, Antti Härkönen, Tomi Leinonen
1Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, Tampere 33720, Finland. sanna.ranta@tut.fi
Abstract:
A picosecond GaInP/AlGaInP/GaAs vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) at 675 nm is reported. The laser is mode-locked with a GaInP/AlGaInP/GaAs saturable absorber mirror and emitted ~5.1 ps pulses at a 973 MHz repetition rate and an average power of 45 mW. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a passively mode-locked VECSEL emitting fundamental laser radiation at the visible part of the spectrum.
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