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Related Concept Videos

Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
Behaviorism01:28

Behaviorism

The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
The core premise of behaviorism is its focus on observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. This approach argues that true scientific...
Reinforcement01:23

Reinforcement

Positive and negative reinforcement are key concepts in operant conditioning, a learning process where the consequences of a behavior affect the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus, increasing the frequency of that behavior. For example:
Operant Conditioning01:21

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral psychology, involves using reinforcement and punishment to alter the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. B.F. introduced this type of conditioning. Skinner focused on voluntary behaviors and the consequences that follow them, influencing whether these behaviors will be strengthened or diminished.
Reinforcement in operant conditioning can be positive or negative, both of which serve to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Positive...
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction01:24

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...

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A Tribute to the Life of Jack Michael.

The Analysis of verbal behavior·2021
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The motivational and discriminative functions of motivating operations.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2019
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Increasing the mand repertoire of children with autism through the use of an interrupted chain procedure.

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The effect of varying teacher presentation rates on responding during discrete trial training for two children with autism.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

The establishing operation and teaching verbal behavior.

Vincent J Carbone1

  • 1Carbone Clinic.

The Analysis of Verbal Behavior
|July 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This paper reviews the clinical applications of conditioned establishing operations (CEOs) in teaching verbal behavior over the past 20 years. It highlights the increased use of CEOs as key variables in applied settings.

Area of Science:

  • Behavior Analysis
  • Applied Behavior Analysis
  • Verbal Behavior

Background:

  • Michael's (1993) work refined the concept of the conditioned establishing operation (CEO).
  • This built upon earlier work (Michael, 1982) with clearer definitions of reflexive and transitive CEOs.
  • CEOs are increasingly used as independent variables in applied settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise overview of clinical applications of establishing operations (EOs).
  • To examine the use of EOs in teaching verbal behavior over the last two decades.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical applications of EOs.
  • Analysis of research published in the last 20 years.

Main Results:

Keywords:
appliedestablishing operationmotivationverbal behavior

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  • Significant increase in the application of CEOs in teaching verbal behavior.
  • CEOs are effectively utilized as independent variables in applied settings.

Conclusions:

  • The last 20 years have seen a rise in the clinical application of EOs for verbal behavior.
  • CEOs are a valuable tool for teaching verbal behavior in applied settings.