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Development Policy in Thailand: From Top-down to Grass Roots
Matthew Kelly1, Phattaraphon Yutthaphonphinit, Sam-Ang Seubsman
1National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Asian Social Science
|July 2, 2013
Summary
Thailand is shifting from top-down industrial development to participatory, people-centered strategies to address inequitable growth, especially for the rural poor. This transition, marked by decentralization and community empowerment, aims for sustainable development and economic advancement.
Area of Science:
- Development Studies
- Economics
- Sociology
Background:
- Post-WWII development favored top-down industrialization, leading to inequitable economic growth.
- Participatory grassroots development emerged as a solution to address disparities, particularly for the rural poor.
- Thailand's development trajectory has evolved, influenced by global trends and national crises like the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review Thailand's development strategies, contrasting historical top-down approaches with current participatory models.
- To examine the implementation and impact of "people-centered development" and the "sufficiency economy" in Thailand.
- To analyze the role of decentralization, civil society, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Thailand's contemporary development efforts.
Main Methods:
- Review of Thailand's national development policies and planning documents.
- Analysis of government initiatives such as the Community Worker Accreditation Scheme.
- Examination of the socio-economic impacts of shifting development paradigms.
Main Results:
- Thailand has adopted "people-centered development" and a "sufficiency economy" model post-1997 crisis.
- Policies now emphasize decentralization, empowering local communities, civil society, and NGOs.
- Initiatives like the Community Worker Accreditation Scheme aim to build local human resources and support autonomous development projects.
Conclusions:
- Thailand's transition towards participatory development addresses historical inequities and aims for sustainable rural enrichment.
- Current political tensions reflect the conflict between industrial and participatory development models.
- Resolving these tensions is key for Thailand to achieve a new economic level.
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