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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
X-Inactivation01:58

X-Inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
X-inactivation01:58

X-inactivation

The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation
12:42

Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation

Published on: November 26, 2014

Guided by RNAs: X-inactivation as a model for lncRNA function.

John E Froberg1, Lin Yang, Jeannie T Lee

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|July 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial for X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) and may play roles in cancer. Understanding lncRNA regulation of XCI offers insights into broader lncRNA functions.

Keywords:
PRC2X-chromosome inactivationX-inactivationX-inactivation centerXCIXICXaXia-RNAactivating RNAactive Xinactive XlncRNAlong non-coding RNApolycomb complexespolycomb repressive complex 2

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Quick Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Xist RNA Combined with Immunofluorescence of Histone Modification in X-chromosome Inactivation
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Published on: March 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Recent advances in sequencing technology have identified a vast number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • The biological functions of most lncRNAs remain largely unknown.
  • lncRNAs are implicated in various biological processes, with notable examples in X-chromosome inactivation (XCI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore new insights into lncRNA-dependent regulation of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI).
  • To highlight how lncRNA regulation of XCI can serve as a model for understanding general lncRNA functions.
  • To discuss the emerging relevance of lncRNAs and XCI in cancer development and progression.

Main Methods:

  • This perspective synthesizes current research and literature.
  • It focuses on exemplary cases of lncRNAs in the X-inactivation center.
  • It examines RNA-based regulatory mechanisms including chromatin modifier recruitment and transcriptional regulation.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs play a dominant role in controlling random X-chromosome inactivation (XCI).
  • RNA-based mechanisms of XCI involve chromatin modification, subnuclear compartment formation, and antisense transcription.
  • lncRNAs and XCI are increasingly recognized as significant factors in cancer.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are key regulators of XCI through diverse RNA-based mechanisms.
  • Studying lncRNA control of XCI provides valuable paradigms for understanding lncRNA function.
  • The interplay between lncRNAs and XCI has critical implications for cancer biology.