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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Minerals01:26

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
Biodeterioration01:28

Biodeterioration

Biodeterioration refers to the unwanted alteration of materials caused by microorganisms—especially fungi—which damage both organic substrates (paper, wood, textiles) and inorganic ones (stone, plaster, glass). Unlike abiotic decay, biodeterioration results from biological activity that produces physical disruption and chemical degradation.Physical deterioration occurs as fungal hyphae penetrate pores, cracks, and surface irregularities. Hyphal turgor pressure, thigmotropic growth along...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Mimicking and Measuring Occlusal Erosive Tooth Wear with the "Rub&Roll" and Non-contact Profilometry
08:47

Mimicking and Measuring Occlusal Erosive Tooth Wear with the "Rub&Roll" and Non-contact Profilometry

Published on: February 2, 2018

Toothpaste and erosion.

Carolina Ganss1, Katja Schulze, Nadine Schlueter

  • 1Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Clinic, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.

Monographs in Oral Science
|July 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dental erosion, caused by acid exposure, damages tooth enamel and dentine. Research is exploring new toothpaste ingredients beyond fluoride to enhance acid resistance and protect oral health.

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Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials
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Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Mimicking and Measuring Occlusal Erosive Tooth Wear with the "Rub&Roll" and Non-contact Profilometry
08:47

Mimicking and Measuring Occlusal Erosive Tooth Wear with the "Rub&Roll" and Non-contact Profilometry

Published on: February 2, 2018

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials
05:30

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials

Published on: January 10, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Dental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Dental erosion involves mineral loss from teeth due to chronic acid exposure, affecting both enamel and dentine.
  • Clinical signs include surface structure loss, shallow lesions, and cusp flattening, often exposing dentine early.
  • Dentine is a critical target for anti-erosion treatments, alongside enamel.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel active ingredients for toothpastes to increase the acid resistance of dental hard tissues.
  • To address the challenge of abrasives in toothpastes potentially counteracting active ingredients.
  • To explore alternatives or additions to fluoride in toothpaste formulations for enhanced anti-erosion effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on active ingredients like polyvalent metal cations, nano-form Ca/P salts, phosphates, proteins, and chitosan.
  • Analysis of the complex interactions between active ingredients, abrasives, and excipients in toothpaste formulations.
  • Identification of limitations in current evidence, including diverse experimental designs and lack of clinical patient studies.

Main Results:

  • Fluoride toothpastes provide some protection against dental erosion.
  • Several substances, including polyvalent metal cations, nano-form Ca/P salts, phosphates, proteins, and chitosan, are under investigation for enhanced anti-erosion properties.
  • The combined effects of active ingredients and abrasives, and the role of excipients, require further understanding.

Conclusions:

  • Despite limitations in current research, there is significant potential to develop more effective anti-erosion toothpastes.
  • Developing advanced toothpaste formulations is crucial given the high prevalence of early erosive lesions, especially in younger populations.
  • Effective strategies are vital for maintaining long-term oral health by combating dental erosion.