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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage

An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage

Published on: February 10, 2014

Bone cement implantation syndrome.

R Razuin¹, O Effat, M N Shahidan

¹University Technology MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia. dr_razuin@salam.uitm.edu.my

The Malaysian Journal of Pathology

|July 3, 2013

Summary

Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) can cause serious complications during hip replacement surgery. This case highlights BCIS leading to fatal multiorgan microembolization after a total hip replacement.

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Area of Science:

Orthopaedic Surgery
Cardiovascular Physiology
Pathology

Background:

Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a rare but serious complication during cemented orthopaedic procedures.
It presents with hypoxia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, and increased pulmonary vascular resistance, potentially leading to cardiac arrest.
Under-reporting is common due to its rarity and lack of a precise definition.

Observation:

A 59-year-old woman underwent elective hybrid total hip replacement for a left femoral neck fracture.
She experienced a sudden collapse during the surgical procedure.
Despite resuscitation, she passed away 12 hours post-operatively.

Findings:

Post-mortem examination revealed disseminated microembolization throughout multiple organs.
The emboli consisted of bone marrow and amorphous bone cement material.
These findings are consistent with a severe presentation of BCIS.

Implications:

This case underscores the critical importance of recognizing and managing BCIS in cemented orthopaedic surgeries.
Early detection and intervention strategies are crucial to improve patient outcomes.
Further research into BCIS definition and management protocols is warranted to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality.