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Related Concept Videos

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Inducible Operons: lac Operon01:25

Inducible Operons: lac Operon

The lac operon in Escherichia coli is a model for understanding inducible gene regulation and metabolic flexibility. It integrates local control by lactose and global regulation through catabolite repression, enabling E. coli to preferentially metabolize glucose when available and switch to lactose utilization when glucose is scarce.Structure and Function of the lac OperonThe lac operon contains three structural genes: lacZ (β-galactosidase), lacY (lactose permease), and lacA (thiogalactoside...
Operon Model01:23

Operon Model

The operon model represents a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation in prokaryotes, enabling coordinated expression of genes involved in related metabolic or functional pathways. Operons consist of structural genes, a promoter, and an operator, with transcription regulated by repressors, activators, and small effector molecules.Structure and Function of OperonsAn operon is a cluster of structural genes transcribed together under the control of a single promoter. The promoter region...
Operons02:09

Operons

Prokaryotes can control gene expression through operons—DNA sequences consisting of regulatory elements and clustered, functionally related protein-coding genes. Operons use a single promoter sequence to initiate transcription of a gene cluster (i.e., a group of structural genes) into a single mRNA molecule. The terminator sequence ends transcription. An operator sequence, located between the promoter and structural genes, prohibits the operon’s transcriptional activity if bound by a repressor...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

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Combining Single-molecule Manipulation and Imaging for the Study of Protein-DNA Interactions
14:43

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Published on: August 27, 2014

Weak operator binding enhances simulated Lac repressor-mediated DNA looping.

Andrew V Colasanti1, Michael A Grosner, Pamela J Perez

  • 1Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, BioMaPS Institute for Quantitative Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854.

Biopolymers
|July 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA looping by the Lac repressor protein is crucial for gene regulation. New structural analyses reveal how DNA folding variations influence this process, impacting transcriptional control.

Keywords:
DNA loopingJ factorLac repressorcomputer simulationlac operon

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The Lac repressor-DNA interaction is a model for genomic communication.
  • Understanding DNA looping is key to transcriptional control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate sequence-dependent DNA contributions to Lac repressor-mediated looping.
  • Elucidate structural variations in protein-bound operator DNA.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to analyze DNA structures.
  • Superposition of protein-bound operator ensembles.
  • Computer simulations of DNA looping.

Main Results:

  • Novel superposition revealed DNA folding variations missed by conventional methods.
  • These folding changes impact loop formation ease and DNA closure.
  • Auxiliary operator detachment enhances loop formation at specific spacings.

Conclusions:

  • Sequence-specific DNA folding significantly influences Lac repressor-mediated DNA looping.
  • Structural insights explain variations in loop formation and transcriptional regulation.
  • Findings provide a deeper understanding of long-range genomic communication.