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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...

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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

Reversible phase transformation at the solid-liquid interface: STM reveals.

Xue-Mei Zhang1, Qing-Dao Zeng, Chen Wang

  • 1National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No.11, North First Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 10-62656765.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|July 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reversible supramolecular self-assemblies respond to external stimuli like temperature and light. These responsive nanomaterials show promise for miniaturized devices and are studied using scanning tunneling microscopy.

Keywords:
interfacesnanotechnologyscanning tunneling microscopyself-assemblysupramolecular chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscience and nanotechnology
  • Surface science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Reversible supramolecular self-assemblies are gaining traction for advanced applications.
  • These assemblies offer tunable responses to external triggers.
  • Potential applications include miniaturized switches and devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in reversible supramolecular self-assembly.
  • Focus on stimuli-responsive systems at the solid-liquid interface.
  • Highlight systems triggered by temperature, light, electric current, metal ions, and protons.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of supramolecular systems utilizing hydrogen bonds, azobenzene derivatives, triple-decker complexes, and guanine motifs.
  • Emphasis on reversible phase transformations.
  • Utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) for probing surface phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of diverse supramolecular systems responding to various external stimuli.
  • Successful application of STM in characterizing reversible surface transformations.
  • Progress in understanding structure-property relationships in self-assembled nanomaterials.

Conclusions:

  • Reversible supramolecular self-assemblies are key for next-generation nanotechnology.
  • Stimuli-responsive systems offer versatile control over material properties.
  • STM is a powerful technique for studying interfacial self-assembly dynamics.