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Related Concept Videos

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation

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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
10:35

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Published on: May 29, 2018

Designing Visible Light-Induced Intra- and Inter-module Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal [2+2] Photodimerizations in

Mollah Rohan Ahsan1, Arijit Mukherjee1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana,  500078, India.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers designed organic salts with distinct photo-induced cracking behaviors under visible light, linking cracking speed to molecular structure differences. This work enables direct structure-property analysis in crystalline materials.

Keywords:
crystal engineering of organic solidsintra‐ vs inter‐module [2+2] photodimerizationsingle‐crystal‐to‐single crystal transformation

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Published on: December 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Organic salts are versatile materials with tunable properties.
  • Photo-induced reactions in crystals offer pathways for materials transformation.
  • Understanding structure-property relationships is crucial for designing functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel binary organic salts of isomeric stilbazole derivatives.
  • To investigate the photo-induced cracking behavior of these salts under visible-light irradiation.
  • To correlate the observed cracking dynamics with differences in molecular structure and synthon modules.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of binary organic salts using large synthon modules.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction to analyze crystal structures.
  • Visible-light irradiation experiments to study photo-induced cracking.
  • Analysis of single-crystal-to-single-crystal transitions (inter- and intra-module).

Main Results:

  • Two binary organic salts with isomeric stilbazole derivatives were successfully synthesized.
  • Predictable fast and slow photo-induced cracking was observed under visible-light irradiation.
  • A clear correlation was established between the rate of photo-induced cracking and the differences in large synthon modules.
  • Single-crystal-to-single-crystal transitions facilitated direct structure-property analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the successful design of organic salts with controllable photo-induced cracking.
  • Large synthon differences are key determinants of photo-induced cracking speed in these crystalline materials.
  • Single-crystal-to-single-crystal transitions provide a powerful tool for understanding structure-property relationships in photoresponsive crystals.