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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.

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Updated: May 10, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
06:16

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

Circulating miRNAs: cell-cell communication function?

A Turchinovich1, T R Samatov, A G Tonevitsky

  • 1Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany ; Division of Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Women's Clinic, University Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany.

Frontiers in Genetics
|July 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) found in bodily fluids may act as intercellular signals. This review explores their transport, origin, and potential biological functions beyond cellular byproducts.

Keywords:
HDLargonaute proteinsbiofluidsbiomarkerscell communicationexosomesmiRNAmicrovesicles

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

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Analysis of the Gap Junction-dependent Transfer of miRNA with 3D-FRAP Microscopy
06:26

Analysis of the Gap Junction-dependent Transfer of miRNA with 3D-FRAP Microscopy

Published on: June 19, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nuclease-resistant extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are present in all biological fluids.
  • The precise biological roles of extracellular miRNAs are not fully understood.
  • Emerging evidence suggests extracellular miRNAs may function in cell-cell communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of intercellular miRNA transport.
  • To discuss prevailing theories on the origin of extracellular miRNAs.
  • To highlight the potential biological functions of extracellular miRNAs in physiological and pathological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on extracellular miRNAs.
  • Analysis of current theories regarding miRNA biogenesis and release.
  • Synthesis of evidence supporting intercellular miRNA signaling.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular miRNAs are protected from degradation and found widely distributed.
  • Multiple mechanisms for intercellular miRNA transport are proposed.
  • Extracellular miRNAs are implicated in modulating gene expression in recipient cells.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular miRNAs likely play significant roles in intercellular communication.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific functions and regulatory mechanisms of extracellular miRNAs.
  • Understanding extracellular miRNA biology has implications for diagnostics and therapeutics.