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Related Concept Videos

Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
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Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Symbiosis00:58

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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
Types of Toxins01:36

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Diversity of Protists II01:27

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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...

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Obtaining Highly Purified Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts by a Discontinuous Cesium Chloride Gradient
11:17

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Published on: November 3, 2009

Toxocariasis.

Alessandra Nicoletti1

  • 1Department "Ingrassia", Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|July 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Toxocariasis, a zoonotic helminth infection, can cause neurological disorders like epilepsy due to larval migration. Diagnosis involves blood tests, CSF analysis, and neuroimaging, with benzimidazole treatment for neurological symptoms.

Keywords:
Neurotoxocariasisepilepsyneuroimagingserodiagnosistreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Zoonotic Helminthology
  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Toxocariasis is a common zoonotic helminth infection globally, prevalent in tropical and rural areas.
  • It stems from the larval stages of Toxocara roundworms found in dogs (T. canis) and cats (T. cati).
  • Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic cases to severe visceral larva migrans affecting major organs.

Observation:

  • Neurological involvement in human toxocariasis is considered rare, despite frequent larval brain migration in experimental animals.
  • Central nervous system (CNS) migration can precipitate various neurological disorders, including meningo-encephalitis, epilepsy, and myelitis.
  • Elevated seropositivity rates for T. canis in epilepsy patients suggest a potential role in epilepsy incidence in endemic regions.

Findings:

  • Neurotoxocariasis diagnosis relies on patient history, blood tests (including differential blood cell count), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis for anti-Toxocara canis antibodies, and neuroimaging.
  • Similar to visceral forms, neurological manifestations of toxocariasis are treated with benzimidazole compounds.

Implications:

  • This highlights the importance of considering toxocariasis in the differential diagnosis of neurological disorders, particularly epilepsy, in endemic areas.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and prevalence of neurotoxocariasis.
  • Effective diagnosis and treatment strategies are crucial for managing this neglected zoonotic disease.