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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
04:36

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

Diabetic retinopathy.

A Moreno1, M Lozano, P Salinas

  • 1Department of Ophtalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.

Nutricion Hospitalaria
|July 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetic retinopathy significantly impacts vision, with risk factors including diabetes duration and metabolic control. Obesity surgery emerges as a key preventive strategy against vision loss.

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Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model
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Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tg(fli:EGFP) Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
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Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tg(fli:EGFP) Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice
04:36

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model
09:11

Retinal Pathophysiological Evaluation in a Rat Model

Published on: May 6, 2022

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tg(fli:EGFP) Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature
10:07

Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tg(fli:EGFP) Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature

Published on: December 26, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision loss.
  • Key risk factors include diabetes duration, poor metabolic control, hypertension, and renal disease.
  • Pathogenesis involves retinal microangiopathy, edema, ischemia, and the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the importance of diabetic retinopathy in visual function loss.
  • To detail the risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of diabetic retinopathy.
  • To discuss modern diagnostic and treatment strategies, including the preventive role of obesity surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diabetic retinopathy.
  • Analysis of risk factors and pathogenesis.
  • Overview of diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Identified major risk factors and elaborated on the pathogenesis involving VEGF.
  • Described clinical symptoms such as microaneurysms, hemorrhages, exudates, IRMA, venous disorders, neovascularization, and diabetic macular edema.
  • Highlighted obesity surgery as a significant preventive measure.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetic retinopathy poses a substantial threat to vision.
  • Comprehensive management of risk factors and timely treatment are crucial.
  • Obesity surgery shows promise as a preventive strategy for diabetic retinopathy.