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Related Concept Videos

Prokaryotic DNA Replication01:32

Prokaryotic DNA Replication

DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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The Replisome03:01

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
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Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2
10:55

Vaccinia Virus Infection & Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2

Published on: April 10, 2009

Poxvirus DNA replication.

Bernard Moss1

  • 1Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. bmoss@nih.gov

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|July 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Poxviruses utilize a unique set of viral proteins for DNA replication, including enzymes for DNA synthesis and repair. These viruses replicate their DNA into long concatemers, resolved by a specialized endonuclease.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Poxviruses are large, enveloped viruses with cytoplasmic replication.
  • Their linear, double-stranded DNA genome features hairpin ends.
  • Viral gene expression and DNA replication rely on encoded proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the viral proteins involved in poxvirus DNA replication and repair.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of poxvirus genome replication and resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral protein functions in DNA synthesis.
  • Identification of enzymes responsible for DNA replication and repair.
  • Investigation of genome concatenation and resolution processes.

Main Results:

  • Poxviruses encode essential DNA synthesis proteins: polymerase, helicase-primase, uracil DNA glycosylase, processivity factor, single-stranded DNA-binding protein, protein kinase, and DNA ligase.
  • A viral FEN1 family protein is implicated in double-strand break repair.
  • DNA replication produces long concatemers, resolved by a viral Holliday junction endonuclease.

Conclusions:

  • Poxviruses possess a comprehensive suite of viral proteins dedicated to replicating and maintaining their DNA genome.
  • The viral machinery ensures efficient DNA synthesis, repair, and resolution of replicated concatemeric DNA.