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The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about the...

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If we...

Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

A Microfluidic-based Hydrodynamic Trap for Single Particles

A Microfluidic-based Hydrodynamic Trap for Single Particles

Published on: January 21, 2011

Hydrodynamic correlations in three-particle colloidal systems in harmonic traps.

Salvador Herrera-Velarde¹, Edith C Euán-Díaz, Fidel Córdoba-Valdés

¹Subdirección de Postgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa, Sección 5A Reserva Territorial s/n, 91096, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|July 11, 2013

Summary

The presence of a third colloid significantly alters hydrodynamic correlations in three-particle systems. This finding reveals slower decays and temporal shifts in colloidal dynamics, offering new tuning possibilities.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

A Microfluidic-based Hydrodynamic Trap for Single Particles

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Published on: May 20, 2014

Area of Science:

Colloid science
Fluid dynamics
Statistical mechanics

Background:

Hydrodynamic interactions govern colloidal system behavior.
Understanding few-body interactions is crucial for complex colloidal systems.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the influence of a third body on two-body hydrodynamic correlations.
Analyze the impact of particle configuration (collinear vs. equilateral triangle) on correlations.

Main Methods:

Brownian dynamics simulations.
Analytical and numerical solutions of the Langevin equation.
Validation of constant diffusion tensor approximation.

Main Results:

Third body presence modifies auto- and cross-correlation functions.
Slower decay in auto-correlations; temporal shift and reduced amplitude in cross-correlations.
Observed unexpected positive correlation and new dynamical modes in collinear systems.

Conclusions:

Hydrodynamic correlations in three-particle systems deviate from two-particle behavior.
The study provides insights into tuning colloidal dynamics in few-body systems.