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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that stretch at a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
09:38

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Published on: December 18, 2015

[Infrared spectroscopy based on quantum cascade lasers].

Zhong-Quan Wen1, Gang Chen, Chen Peng

  • 1Key Laboratory for Optoelectronic Technology & System, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China. wenzq@139.com

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|July 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) offer tunable mid-infrared light for sensitive gas detection. Advances in QCL technology are driving progress in laser spectroscopy for environmental and security applications.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
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Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Published on: December 18, 2015

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

Advances in Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy to Explore Multiphase Polymeric Systems
06:54

Advances in Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy to Explore Multiphase Polymeric Systems

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Utilizes quantum theory and band-gap engineering for tunable infrared light sources.

Context:

  • Most gas fingerprint spectra lie in the mid-infrared range.
  • Mid-infrared quantum cascade laser (QCL) gas sensing is a global research focus due to high power, narrow linewidth, and fast scanning capabilities.

Purpose:

  • To review QCL-based spectroscopy techniques and their working principles.
  • To discuss applications in gas sensing and explosive detection.

Summary:

  • Reviews quantum cascade laser (QCL) based spectroscopy, highlighting their tunable mid-infrared output (3-100 microm).
  • Discusses advancements in QCL power and efficiency, driving infrared laser spectroscopy development.
  • Covers QCL spectroscopy principles and applications in gas sensing and explosive detection.

Impact:

  • Enables highly sensitive and specific gas detection using mid-infrared spectroscopy.
  • Facilitates advancements in environmental monitoring and security applications like explosive detection.
  • Highlights the growing importance of QCL technology in laser spectroscopy.