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Related Concept Videos

Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria

Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube with...
Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
Vapor Pressure02:34

Vapor Pressure

When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns
07:32

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

Published on: April 10, 2017

Thermal patterns and hydrothermal waves (HTWs) in volatile drops.

Khellil Sefiane1, Yuki Fukatani, Yasuyuki Takata

  • 1School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom. K.Sefiane@ed.ac.uk

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|July 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that hydrothermal waves within evaporating FC-72 droplets influence heat transfer at the substrate. Higher temperatures amplify these effects on droplet evaporation rates.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Heat transfer
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Evaporation of sessile droplets is crucial for heat transfer applications.
  • Understanding liquid-wall interactions is key to optimizing thermal management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally measure temperature and heat flux at the liquid-wall interface during FC-72 droplet evaporation.
  • To investigate the role of hydrothermal waves in droplet evaporation dynamics.
  • To analyze the impact of substrate temperature on heat transfer mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized infrared (IR) thermography for precise temperature and heat flux measurements.
  • Employed simultaneous high-speed imaging to monitor droplet profiles.
  • Conducted experiments with sessile FC-72 droplets on a solid substrate.

Main Results:

  • Hydrothermal waves were confirmed to be bulk waves extending throughout the droplet volume.
  • Observed that thermal patterns within the droplet significantly affect substrate temperature and heat flux.
  • Demonstrated that these effects intensify with increasing substrate temperature, influencing evaporation rate.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrothermal waves play a critical role in the heat transfer dynamics of evaporating droplets.
  • The findings provide new insights into energy transport mechanisms during phase change.
  • This research has implications for designing more efficient heat transfer systems.