Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Limits of V4 perisaccadic firing rate modulations in explaining perceptual mislocalization.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A population readout of extrastriate activity reveals biased and smoothed temporal representations across saccades.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A modular neural circuit for computing the motion of objects.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Condition-Dependent Noise Correlations without Condition-Dependent Spike Counts.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Neuropixels reveal laminar microcircuit organization in monkey V1 in vivo.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Live Spike Sorting of Large-scale Neural Recordings.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Body-Brain Integration: The Lower Brainstem in Sleep-Wake Regulation.

Annual review of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Planning in the Brain: It's Not What You Think It Is.

Annual review of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The Emerging Neurobiology of Psychedelics: Critical Periods, Metaplasticity, and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling.

Annual review of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Rethinking Predictive Processing.

Annual review of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Path Integration in Alzheimer's Disease: Orientation, Movement, and Theta Rhythmicity.

Annual review of neuroscience·2026
Same journal

The Cellular and Circuit Basis of Temperature Sensation in <i>Drosophila</i>.

Annual review of neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Prefrontal contributions to visual selective attention.

Ryan F Squire1, Behrad Noudoost, Robert J Schafer

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Annual Review of Neuroscience
|July 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores how the prefrontal cortex (PFC) directs visual attention by modulating sensory signals. It examines neural circuits and the impact of attention loss on behavior.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis
10:33

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis

Published on: June 20, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis
10:33

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis

Published on: June 20, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology
  • Primate Vision Research

Background:

  • Attention enables selective processing of sensory information, crucial for cognitive function.
  • The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in selective attention.
  • Understanding PFC's role involves studying its modulation of posterior sensory cortices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in identifying prefrontal circuits controlling visual attention.
  • To examine the neural correlates of visual attention in the primate visual system.
  • To discuss challenges in defining behavioral consequences of attentional deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neurophysiological studies in primates.
  • Analysis of research on prefrontal cortex function.
  • Examination of neural correlates of attention.

Main Results:

  • Progress in identifying specific prefrontal circuits for visual attention.
  • Insights into how PFC modulates sensory signals in posterior cortices.
  • Ongoing challenges in linking attentional deficits to behavioral changes.

Conclusions:

  • The prefrontal cortex plays a key role in visual selective attention.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the behavioral impact of impaired attention.