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Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...

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Updated: May 9, 2026

Force Spectroscopy of Single Protein Molecules Using an Atomic Force Microscope

Force Spectroscopy of Single Protein Molecules Using an Atomic Force Microscope

Published on: February 28, 2019

Polynomial force approximations and multifrequency atomic force microscopy.

Daniel Platz¹, Daniel Forchheimer, Erik A Tholén

¹KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Section for Nanostructure Physics, Albanova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology

|July 12, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed polynomial force reconstruction using intermodulation atomic force microscopy (ImAFM) data to map polymer blend surfaces. This method accurately determines tip-surface forces, offering high-resolution surface-property insights.

Keywords:

AFM atomic force microscopy force spectroscopy intermodulation multifrequency polynomial

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Science
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is crucial for nanoscale surface analysis.
Intermodulation AFM (ImAFM) provides rich data on tip-surface interactions.
Accurate force reconstruction is essential for interpreting AFM measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel polynomial force reconstruction method for ImAFM data.
To compare this method with Amplitude-Dependence Force Spectroscopy (ADFS).
To generate high-resolution surface-property maps of polymer blends.

Main Methods:

Polynomial force reconstruction applied to experimental ImAFM data.
Analysis of tip-surface forces during slow surface approach.
Comparison with established ADFS techniques.
Adaptation of the approximative force reconstruction approach to a force quadrature picture.

Main Results:

Successful polynomial force reconstruction from ImAFM data.
High-resolution surface-property maps generated for polymer blend samples.
Demonstration of the method's applicability beyond spectral data.
Validation of the approximative force reconstruction framework.

Conclusions:

Polynomial force reconstruction is an effective method for analyzing ImAFM data.
The developed technique enables precise characterization of polymer blend surfaces.
The general approximative force reconstruction framework offers broad applicability in AFM analysis.