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Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices

Published on: July 28, 2023

Off-axis vortex breakdown in a shallow whirlpool.

Miguel A Herrada¹, Vladimir N Shtern, José María López-Herrera

¹Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n 41092, Spain.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|July 16, 2013

Summary

Vortex breakdown (VB) can occur off-axis in a rotating fluid cylinder. This study reveals how VB emerges in water and air, influenced by rotation speed and water level.

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Area of Science:

Fluid Dynamics
Multiphase Flow
Vortex Dynamics

Background:

Vortex breakdown (VB) is a complex flow phenomenon crucial in various engineering applications.
Previous studies primarily focused on axisymmetric or wall-bounded vortex breakdown.
The behavior of VB in two-fluid systems under rotation remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the off-axis emergence of vortex breakdown in a rotating two-fluid system.
To analyze the influence of rotation speed and fluid interface position on VB characteristics.
To characterize the development of VB in both water and air regions.

Main Methods:

Numerical simulations of a steady axisymmetric flow in a vertical sealed cylinder.
The cylinder is partially filled with water and driven by a rotating bottom disk.
Analysis of flow patterns at varying rotation speeds and water heights.

Main Results:

Vortex breakdown (VB) was observed to emerge off-axis, away from the rotation axis, interface, and walls.
VB initially forms in the water region and its location (on- or off-axis) depends on water height relative to cylinder radius.
Increasing rotation leads to the off-axis VB ring interacting with the interface, forming a counter-circulation layer in the air.

Conclusions:

The study demonstrates the possibility of off-axis vortex breakdown in a rotating two-fluid system.
Fluid interface dynamics significantly influence the structure and behavior of vortex breakdown.
The findings provide new insights into complex vortex dynamics in partially filled rotating cylinders.